Manufacturing by Shahrukh A. Irani
July 2022
A production system for job shops
Lean is the ability to execute all the processing steps to produce a product that is ordered without any waste in any processing step or in the transfer between consecutive steps. Focus is the ability to produce a family of different products
with similar design and manufacturing attributes in a single multimachine manufacturing cell or flow line. Flexibility is the ability to make a large variety of products but adapt to changes in their mix and volume. Agility is the ability
to rapidly change over and adjust to make a different product mix, both in the short and long terms.
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