Z94.13 - Occupational Health & Safety

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OCCUPANCY. The use of a building or other structure. The contents of a building or other structure.

OCCUPATIONAL DISEASE. A disease arising out of, and in the course of employment - resulting from exposure to harmful chemical, biological, or physical agents. 

OCCUPATIONAL ILLNESS. Any abnormal physical condition or disorder, other than one resulting from an occupational injury, caused by exposure to environmental factors associated with employment. It includes acute and chronic illness or disease which may be caused by inhalation, absorption, ingestion, or direct contact. Because occupational illnesses are rarely attributable to a specific incident they should be reported in the year in which the illness was first diagnosed and reported to the employer.

OCCUPATIONAL INJURY. An acute injury arising out of, and in the course of, employment -resulting from exposure to traumatizing physical or chemical agents in the workplace. Examples include amputations, fractures, eye loss, lacerations, and traumatic deaths.

OCCUPATIONAL INJURY AND ILLNESS RECORDS, OSHA.  A recording of each reportable occupational injury (including fatality) and illness required by every employer covered by the National System for Uniform Recording and Reporting of Occupational Injury and Illness.

OCCUPATIONAL INJURY OR ILLNESS, REPORTABLE, OSHA. Any disability or permanent impairment to an employee which results from any exposure in the work environment that either: (1) results in death; or (2) prevents the employee from performing normal assignment during the next regular or subsequent work day or shift; or (3) not causing death or loss of time, (a) results in transfer to another job or termination of employment, or (b) requires medical treatment other than first aid, or (c) results in loss of consciousness, or (d) is diagnosed as an occupational illness, or (e) results in restriction of work or motion.

OCCUPATIONAL MEDICINE. The promotion and maintenance of the highest degree of physical, mental, and social well-being of workers in all occupations.  The prevention among workers of departures from health caused by their working conditions.  The protection of workers in their employment from risks resulting from factors adverse to health. The placing and maintenance of the worker in an occupational environment adapted to his physiological and psychological characteristics. 

OCCUPATIONAL RADIATION. Radiation to which an individual is exposed in the course of employment.  For instance, x-ray technicians, radioisotope technicians, uranium miners, nuclear reactor technicians may be occupationally exposed to radiation. 

OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY. The prevention of personnel and environmental accidents in work-related environments or situations.

OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION (OSHA). Federal agency in the Department of Labor (DOL) responsible for standard-setting and regulating/enforcing workplace codes, rules, and laws.

OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH CODES AND STANDARDS. Rules of procedure designed to secure uniformity and protection of life and property having the force of law in certain jurisdictions. Examples include OSHA Standards (29 CFR 1910) and the NFPA National Fire Protection Codes.

OCCUPATIONAL SKIN DISEASES OR DISORDERS. Contact dermatitis, eczema, or rash caused by primary irritants and sensitizers or poisonous plants; oil acne; chronic ulcers; or inflammations, etc., arising out of, or during the course of, employment.

OCCURRENCE. An incident often classified as relatively major or minor. In insurance, distinguished from accident by the fact that it is apparent or foreseen as occurring if certain activities take place.

OCTAVE BAND. A range of frequency where that highest frequency of the band is double the lowest frequency of the band.  The band is usually specified by the center frequency. 

ODDS RATIO. In an epidemiological study, the odds of affected individuals among those exposed to a given factor divided by the odds of affected individuals among those not exposed to the factor.  (For a rare disease, the odds ratio is approximately equal to the relative risk.)

OFF-THE-JOB SAFETY. Accident prevention activities or programs associated with non-job-related activities.

OIL ACNE. A skin condition which affects those surfaces in contact with insoluble oils or oil-soaked clothing. Comedones, raised papules, or an infection about the hair follicles (oil boils) occur. 

OLD-AGE SURVIVORS AND DISABILITY INSURANCE (OASDI) BENEFITS. Retirement income and survivors' and disability payments available to eligible workers covered by federal social security legislation.

ONCOLOGY. The study of neoplasia.

ORGANIC DISEASE. Disease in which some change in the structure of body tissue could either be visualized or positively inferred from indirect evidence.

OSH ACT. Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970.

OSTEOARTHRITIS. Chronic multiple degenerative joint disease.

OTITIS EXTERNA (SWIMMER'S EAR). An inflammatory condition of the external ear canal.  It occurs in swimmers and divers and in long-term compression chamber operators, in whom it is one of the most regularly occurring disorders.  It is a result of excess moisture in the ear canal resulting in tissue maceration and infection. 

OTOSCLEROSIS. A condition caused by a growth of bony tissue about the foot plate of the stapes and the oval window of the inner ear.  It results in a gradual loss of hearing. 

OXYGEN DEFICIENCY. Designates an atmosphere having less than the percentage of oxygen found in normal air. Normally, air contains approximately 21 percent oxygen at sea level. When the oxygen concentration in air is reduced to approximately 16 percent, many individuals become dizzy, experience a buzzing in the ears, and have a rapid heart beat.

OXYGEN TOXICITY. A disorder associated with increased partial pressures of oxygen. There are two types of oxygen toxicity:  High Pressure  - Breathing 100% oxygen at pressures greater than 3 ATA may result in acute toxicity producing convulsions.  Low Pressure - Breathing 100% oxygen at 1 ATA for extended periods (24 hours or greater) may result in pulmonary dysfunction and pulmonary edema.

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