Z94.9 Human Factors (Ergonomics) Engineering

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Bibliography

ICON. A graphical display symbol used on a system interface.

IMPULSE. (1) The product of a force and the time during which the force is applied. (2) Psychology; human response based more on emotion than cognition.

IMPULSE NOISE. Noise generated in discrete energy bursts, which has a characteristic wave shape of its own.

INCREMENTAL TRANSFER EFFECTIVENESS. A measure of effectiveness that compares successive increments of time spent in one training task with successive increments saved in subsequent training.

INDICATOR. An instrument or device for displaying information; e.g. over-limit, location, or speed. Indicators may be mechanical (symbolic or pictorial), electrical (warning lights), or electronic (cathode-ray tube or screen).

INFORMATION. In information theory, a purely quantitative property of an ensemble of items that enables categorization or classification of some or all of them. The amount of information in an ensemble (symbolized by H) is measured by the average number of operations (statements, decisions, tests, etc.) needed to effect categorization of the items.

INFORMATION THEORY. An interdisciplinary study dealing with the transmission of messages or signals, or the communication of information. It draws upon communications theory (which includes much from physics and engineering), linguistics, psychology, and sociology.

INGRESS. Access for entering an area, such as an operating or passenger station within a vehicle or work area.

INJURY. Generally any physical harm or damage to a person. A disabling injury is one which prevents a person from performing his regular job for a full day beyond the day of the accident which produced the injury. In OSHA usage, an injury may or may not involve loss of time from work.

INPUT. (1) The path through which information is applied to any device. (2) The means for supplying information to a machine. (3) Information or energy entering into a system. (4) The quantity to be measured, or otherwise operated upon, which is received by an instrument. Also called input signal.

INPUT DEVICE. Equipment, such as a mouse or keyboard, allowing an individual to enter commands or data into a computer system.

INTEGRATED CONTROLLER. A control device which combines more than one aspect of an operation (e.g., control of steering, acceleration and braking in a single joystick).

INTEGRATED DISPLAY. A visual display which combines several related parameters into a single function format.

INTERACTIVE. A feature of a task indicating that human actions alter external task conditions.

INTERFACE. (1) A common boundary between two parts of a system, whether material or non-material. (2) The physical boundary between an operator and the equipment used, e.g., control, display, seat, etc.

INTERLOCK. A feature of a device which precludes its operation in the event that specified conditions are not met.

INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM OF UNITS. (See SI UNITS.)

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